Rotary motor



1.' WLMCQUEEN'.

,ROTARY MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-6. 1917.

i "Patented Nov., 18, 1919.,

2 SHEETS-BHEET l.

J. W. MCQUEEN.

l Romy Moms.

`APPLICAT-ION FILED SEPTJB, i917.

2 MEETS-SHEET 2.

mariti) STATES PATENT um tflltit.

JAMES W; mennen, or DETROIT, niermann.

assises.

ROTARY MOTOR.

Specication of Letterslateiit. Patented New., Mil, lillllg@ Application nea september s, i917. serial nazisasoa.

To all whom it may concern.' I

Be itlmown that I, JAMES 1W. McQUnnN, a citizen oi the United. States of America, residing at Detroit, inthe county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented cer l tain new and useful Improvements in Rotary Motors, of which theI following is a speciiication, reference beinghad therein to' t i e accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to rotary motors operated by air ormotive lfluid-j under pres-l sure and more particularly to a motorespecially designed as aholderfor a pneumatic tool and as an operating meanstherefoi.

My invention aims to provide a lrotary Imotor ot the above type wherein positive.l

reliable and safe means, actuated by motive duid, are employed for imparting inovenient to a drive shaft, with minimum degrec ot 'friction and'vvith amaximum eiliciency. lt is essential that this type of motor be portable, easy to control and compact.' -lllitli this end in view, the motor Vhas been designed and constructed toiincliide suchessential features and yet possess, to the higli est degree attainable, durability, lightness and simplicity .of construction that avoids the use of packing'springs and thelike.

Durability and' conipactness are secured by the various parts of a motor being properly litted and assembled whereby` easy access is had to the saine for lubrication and repair, both oi which are seldom necessary `on account of antisfrictional devicesbeing distributed to compensate for Wear and end thrust besides providing 4an equally balanced driven tool holder.

it novel feature of my rotaryimotor is aI i chambered cylinder having` an exhaustport,

common to the chambers of the cylinder and so disposedv that driven elements in the chambers of the cylinder automatically and alternately cut olf or close the por-ts,"thereby obviating the necessity of utilizin slide valves, check valves and the like ft at` reV quire special construction and arrangement. A further novel feature of themotor is ,a sectional piston ring which is assembled wherebyV anti-fractional devices can be easily installed.

'lhe essential features of the invention,

involved in carrying out the objects above.

indicated, are necessarily susceptible to a wide range ot' structural modifications Witbv of the cylinder.

out departing from the spirit or saciticing any of the advantages of the invention, but a practical embodiment thereof is illustrated in the drawings, wherein- Figure `1 is a longitudinal sectional view 0f a rotary motor; and

Fig. is a cross sectional view taken on or Vabout line II--II of Fig. 1

In the drawings, the reference numeral 1 denotes a cylinder provided with a radially disposed. longitudinal piston casino 2 and with a central partition 3 that divides the cylinder into chambers t and 5 and extends i into the piston casing 2 to divide the same into piston Ways G and 7 in communication with the chambers Il and 5 respectively. rll`he central partition 3 has a concentric stepped opening and an offsetport 9 communicating with the chambers t and 5 adj acent the inlner ends of the piston ways '6 and `7. 'llhe partition 3 has a transverse port'lO coinmunicatingwith the port 9, intermediate the ends thereof, andl extending to a Wall The orts 9 and 10 constitute an exhaust for t ie chambers 4: and 5 and thelocationo the ends oit' the port 9 is essential in order that'drivenelements in the chambers 4, and 5 can alternately close the ends of the port 9.

1.1 denotes an inner head connected to the cylinder 1 by screw vbolts 12 or other tasteningmeans, said head having a radially disposed extension 13 forming a Wall of the piston casing 2Q The head llhas a concentric boss 14 provided with a recess 15a correlib titi

lil() corresponding to the recess 15a ot the' boss 14C. y

21 denotes'anti-frictional devices mounted in the opening 8 oi' the partition 3 and the recesses 15 and 20 of the iirner and outer heads 11 and 16 respectively, each antttrictional device coi'nprising,` balls interposed between concentric rings. lach device is a bench assembled proposition and as a unitary structure it can be easily 'placed in the motor.

22 denotes a drive shaft mounted in the inner rings of the anti-frictional device 21 and mounted upon said shaft, between the anti-frictional devices, are the hubs 23 of opposing eccentrics 24. Shrunk or otherwise mounted upon the eccentric 24 are the inner rings 25 of anti-frictional devices,

. which include` outer rings 26 and inten posed balls 27. These large anti-frictional devices are constructed upon the same prin- `ciple as the devices 21 andthe large antifrictional devices are of greater width than 28 denotes sectional piston rings loosely mounted upon the outer. rings 26 of the large anti-frictional devices, each piston ring being composed of two confronting sections cored out or cut awa-y to reduce the weight of the same. The sectional piston lrings have the peripheries thereof in rolling or wiping contact with the annular walls of the chambers 4 and 5, and the end or fiat walls of the piston ring wipe the partition 3 and the inner and outer head 1'1 and 16. With the piston rings wiping the walls of tue partition 3, said piston rings serve functionally as cut off means for the ends ofthe port 9, thereby controlling the exhaust of the chambers 4 and 5. The piston rings practically house the large anti-frictional devices andA with the fiat walls of said piston rings between the large anti-frictional devices, the inner and outer heads and the central partition, it is practically impossible for the elements 25 to 28 inclusive to become 4accidentally displaced.

The reference numeral 29 denotes flat pistons slidable in the piston ways '6 and 7 and corresponding in cross section to the cross sectional area of said piston ways. Each piston has longitudinal inlet ports 30 extending from the outer ends thereof to a poin'iJ 1n proximity to the inner ends of said pistons, where the ports 30 communicate with lateral ports 31 opening in a direction opposite that of the exhaust port 9, whereby when the pistons 29 extend into the chambers 4 and 5, said chambers can simultaneously receive and exhaust motive fluid. The inner ends of the piston 29 are retained normally in engagement with the periphery of the piston ring 2S by pressure of motive fluid in the piston ways 6 and 7 and the ports 30 and 31 ofthe piston, and when the pistons 29 are retracted, the ports 31 thereof are closed by walls of the piston'` of the is exhausting, said pistons serving functionally as partitions for dividing inlet and exhaust spaces between the walls of the cylinders and the piston rings of the rotary motor.

32 denotes a cap or closure secured to the `open 'end of the piston casing 2 by screw -bolts 33 or other fastening means, said cap or closure having the inner side thereof provided with a groove 34 communicating with the outer end of the piston ways 6 and 7, said groove constituting a motive fluid inlet common to said piston ways. The cap or closure 32 has an openin'g 35 with the walls thereof screw threaded.

36 denotes the offset nipple of a cylindrical valve body 37, which is provided with a longitudinal bore 38 in communication with a port 39 in the nipple 36. The nipple 36 is mounted in the opening 35 of the cap er closure 32 and establishes communication between the groove 34 and the bore 38. Rotatable in the bore 38 of the cylindrical valve body 37 is a tubular plug 40 the inner end of which is provided with a port l1 adapted to communicate with the port 3l). The outer end of the plug 40 terminates in a head 42 and inclosing said head and connected thereto by a screw 43 or other fastening means is a hand piece 44 rotatable, upon the valve body 37. The hand piece -l-l is limited in its movement relative to the valve body 37 by a set screw 45 having a pin 46 extending into a segment slot 47 provided therefor in the valve body 37. the pin 46 in engagement with one end wall of the slot 47, the port 41 registers with the port 39, but with the pin 46 in engagement with the opposite end wall of the slot With 47 the port 41 is closed by the wall of the I bore 38 and the port 39 closed by the wall lug 40. The hand piece l-lhas a, connection 48 whereby motive iiuid under pressure can be supplied to the rotary motor.

49 denotes a handle carried by the .'yl-

inder 1 opposite the valve body 37, the hand piece 48 of said valve body co;.ierat ing with the handle 49 in facilitatingthe manipulation of the rotary motor especially when the breast piece 15 is held againstl the body of an operator.

50 denotes a gear housing connected to the outer head 16 of the cylinder :in-'.l into which protrudes the reduced end 51 of the drive shaft '19. Mounted upon the redmzrd end 51 o1 said drive shaft is a small gear .wheel- 52 meshing with a large gear theel 53 mounted upon a shaft 54 journaled in the housing 50. The shaft 54 has a small gear wheel 55 meshing with a large gear wheel 56 mounted upon a driven shaft 57 journaled in the housing 50. It is to the driven shaft 57 that a suitable tool` as a drill, can be connected. The train of gear wheels decreases the speed of the lrivelr `inertes Within the boss 60 is a coiled compression' .e spring 61 which encircles the screw 58 and bears against .a collar 62' forming part of said screw. n the outer end of the screw i 58 is a knurled nut 63 thatliolds the screw ina retracted position, 'but by ,unscrevving c the nut 63 the spring 6l shifts the screijv into the piston Way 7 in the path of the pis ton 29. The elements 58 and 63 inclusive constitute a locking device for the operating mechanism of the rotary motor and obviates the necessity of using a Wrench or other tool to hold the driven shaft 57 While a drill or tool is removed therefrom.

ln operation the rotary motor is held e somewhat similar to an ordinary brace and bit, that is, for certain work, the breast piece l5 is held against the fbody and the axial alining hand pieces in the hands, the right hand controlling the admission of motive fluid to the motor. Motive fluid admitted to the piston casing produced a constant pressure against the pistons 29, consequently said pistons are retained normally in engagement with the periphery of the piston rings 28, and With the motive fluid alternately admitted to the chambers 4: and 5, the piston rings 28 are shifted Within the chambers and impart a rotary movement to the drive shaft 51 which is rotated by the transmission to im- `part the desired rotation to the shaft 57 to which a tool is attached. The wiping action of the piston rings 28 against the annular Walls of the chambers 4f and 5 insures a sliding connection that prevents motive fluid from escaping from one chamberspace to another, and with these chamber spaces divided by the reciprocal pistons, a. positive and uninterrupted movement is imparted to be understood that the structural elements are susceptible to such variations and modifications as fall Within the scope of the ap pended claims. i

What l claim is l. ln a portable rotary motor, a cylinder,

a piston casing carried thereby and providu ing a piston in communication with said cylinder, said cylinder havinyi; an eirhaust port in proximity to the inner' end of said piston Way, a driveshaft concentric of said cylinder, an eccentric on said driveshaft in said cylinder, an anti-frictional device on said eccentric, a twoipart piston ring having its parts loose Von said anti-frictional device in contact vvith the Wallsof said cylinder and adapted to close the enhaust port thereof, and a orted piston in said piston Way normally eld in engagement with said piston ring and adapted to admit motive fluid tol said cylinder.

2. ln a portable rotary motor, a cylinder provided with an exhaust port, a piston casing carried thereby providing' a piston way. in proximity to the exhaust port of said cyl inder, a drive shaft concentric of said cylinder, an eccentricon said shaft in said cylinder, an anti-frictional device-on said cocon tric, a tivo-part piston ring having its parte loose on said anti-frictional device and con tacting with the walls of said cylinder and adapted to close the exhaust port thereof, a ported piston slidable in. said pieton vvay and normally maintained in engagement vvitli said two-part`piston ringn and adapted to admit motive fluid to said cylinder, heads closing the ends of said cylinder, a driven tool carrying shaft supported from one of said heads and adapted to have movement ini'- parted thereto by said drive shaft, and means carried by said cylinder and the other head thereof adapted to facilitate holding said motor.

3. ln a portable rotary nio-tor, a cylinder,

a radial' pistoncasing carried thereby, a partition in said cylinder and extendingP into said casing dividing said cylinder into chainw bers and said casing into piston Ways, said.

partition having an exhaust port therein common to the chambers of said cylinders, a longitudinal drive shaft journaled in said cylinder, eccentrics on said shaft in the chambers of saidv cylinders and in opposing relation to each other, antifrictional devices on said eccentrics, sectional piston rings loose onsaid devices and housing the saine and adapted to alternately close the inner ends of said exhaust port, said piston rings being disposed to ivipe the vvalls of said cylinder chambers, rported pistons slidable in said piston Ways for admittingn motive fluid to the chambers `of said cylinders and normally held against said piston rings by motive fluid admitted to said piston ways, and valvular means for controllingl the admission. of inotive fluid to said piston trays.

fl. ln a portable rotary motor, a cylinder, a radial piston casing carried thereby, a partition in said cylinder and extending into said casing dividing said cylinder into chainbers and said casingr into piston Ways, said liti l ll ll lllfl llti ld tl partition having an exhaust'v .port therein common to the chambers'of said cyl- .l inders and in proximity tothe piston ways` of said casing, heads closing the ends of said cylinders at the sides ofsaid casing, a cap closing the end of said casing,

a longitudinal drive shaft journaled in said cylinder, eccentrics on said shaft in the chambers of said cylinder, anti-frictional de vices on said eccentrics, sectional piston rings loose on said devicesand housing the same and adapted vto alternately close theinner ends of said exhaust port, ported pistons4 slidable in said piston Ways for admitting motivefluid to the chambers of said cylinders, valvular means carried by said cap for controlling the admission of motive fluid gitudinal drive shaft journaled in said cylinder, eccentrics on said shaft in the chambers of said cylinder, anti-frictional devices onl said eccentries, sectional piston rings loose on said devices andadapted to alternately Y v'closethe-inner end of said exhaust port, a piston slidable in said piston Ways'for adniitting motive fluid to the chambers of said cylinder, and valvular means for controlling the admission of motive fluid to said piston Ways, v

6. In 'a portablerotary motor, a cylinder,

l a piston casing carried thereby, a partition in said cylinder and extending into said casing dividing said cylinderinto chambers and said casing into piston Ways, said partition -liavingan exhaust port therein common to the chambers of said cylinder and in proximity to the piston Ways, heads closing the ends ofsaid cylinder and 4the sidestof said casing, a cap closing the end of said casing, a drive shaft journaled in said cylinder, eccentricson said shaft in the' chambers of said cylf inder and in opposing relation to each other,

anti-frictionaldevices on said eccentrics, sectional piston rings loose on said devices and housing the saine and adapted to alternately close the inner ends of said exhaust port, said piston rings being disposed to Wipe the Walls of said cylinder chambers, ported pistons to said piston Ways.

7. In a portable rotary motor, a cylinder having an exhaust port, a piston casing carried thereby and providing a piston Way in proximity to said port, a drive shaft longitudinally of said cylinder, an eccentric on said shaft in said cylinder, an anti-frictional device on said eccentric, a sectional piston ring loose on said device and housing the same, and adapted to Wipe the walls of said cylinder and close the exhaust port thereof, a ported piston slidable in the piston way of said casing and adapted vto admit motive fluid to said cylinder for imparting movement to said sectional piston ring and to said drive shaft, anda lookin device carried by said piston casing and lldapted to extend into the piston way thereof to hold the piston in an extended position and said shaft against rotation. V

8. In a portable rotary motor, a cylinder, a radial piston casing carried thereby, a partition in said cylinder and extending into said` casing dividing said cylinder into `chambers and said casing into piston Ways, .said partition having an exhaust port therein common 'to the chambers of said cylinders, a longitudinaldrive shaft journaled in said cylinder, eccentrics on said shaft in the chambers of said cylinders and in opposing relation to each other, anti-frictional devices on said eccentrics, sectional piston rings loose on. said devices and housing the same and adapted to alternately close the inner ends of said exhaust port, said piston rings being disposed towipe the Walls of said cylinder chambers, ported pistons slidable in said piston Ways admitting motive fluid to the chambers of said cylinder and normally held against said piston rings by motive fluid admitted to said piston Ways, valvular means for controlling the admission of motive fluid to said piston ways, and a locking device carried by said piston casing and adapted to extend into one of the piston ways thereof to hold the piston in said piston Way in an extended position and thereby lock the drive shaft against rotation..

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

JAMES lV. MCQUEEN. Witnesses:

KARL H. BUTLER, ANNA M. DoRR. 

